5 Pen PC Technology

V.MADURI
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Sree Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology and Science
Chowdarpally, Mahabubngar
Vmadhuri4242@gmail.com
Abstract—P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”), which is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing,

stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short- range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.
Index Terms— P-ISM ,display , camera ,CPU pen , Battery ,Virtual Keyboard ,Bluetooth , Wireless Connectivity , etc.

—————————— u ——————————

1 INTRODUCTION

Five pen pc shortly called as P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”), is nothing but the new discovery, which is under developing stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a CPU pen, communication pen with a cellular phone function, virtual keyboard, a very small

projector, and a cameraIJSER.P-SM’sareconnectedwith one another through short-range wireless technology.

The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.[1]

Fig. 1.1 Diagram of 5 Pen PC Technology

1.1 COMPONENTS NAME

Fig.1.2 Components name

2 HISTORY

The conceptual prototype of the "pen" computer was built in 2003. The prototype device, dubbed the "P-ISM", was a "Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget" created in 2003 by Japanese technology company NEC. The P-ISM was featured at the 2003 ITU Telecom World held in Geneva, Switzerland.

The designer of the 5 Pen Technology ,”Toru Ichihash”, said that” In developing this concept he asked himself – “What is the future of IT when it is small?” The pen was a logical choice. He also wanted a product that you could

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touch and feel. Further, the intent is to allow for an office	The control unit of the CPU contains circuitry that uses		
anywhere.”							electrical signals to direct the entire computer system to		
However, although a conceptual prototype of the "pen"	carry out, stored program instructions. The control unit		
	does not execute program instructions; rather, it directs		
computer was built in 2003;	such devices are not yet			
		other parts of the system to do so. The control unit  must		
available to consumers.							
					communicate with both the arithmetic/logic unit and		
										
“The design concept uses five different pens to make a	memory.						
							
computer. One pen is a CPU, another camera, one creates	3.2 MICROPROCESSOR				
a virtual keyboard, another projects the visual output and					
							
thus the display and another communicator (a phone).	Previous  generations  of  CPUs  were  implemented  as		
All five pens can rest in a holding block which recharges	discrete  components  and  numerous  small  integrated		
the  batteries and holds the  mass  storage.  Each pen	circuits  (ICs)  on  one  or  more  circuit  boards.		
communicates wireless, possibly Bluetooth.”			Microprocessors,  on  the  other  hand,  are  CPUs		
								manufactured on a very small number of ICs; usually just		
3	CPU PEN							one. The overall smaller CPU size as a result of being		
The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It	implemented on a single die means faster switching time		
	because of physical factors like decreased gate parasitic		
is also known as computing engine. It consists of dual			
	capacitance.	This	has	allowed	synchronous		
core  processor	embedded  in  it	and  it	works	with							
					microprocessors to have clock rates ranging from tens of		
WINDOWS operation system.The central processing unit			
	megahertz to	several	gigahertzes. Additionally, as the		
(CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out					
	ability to construct exceedingly small transistors on an IC		
the	instructions of	a  computer	program,	and is the			
					has increased, the complexity and number of transistors		
primary element carrying out the computer's functions.			
	in a single CPU has increased dramatically. This widely		
The central processing unit carries out each instruction of			
	observed trend is described by Moore's law, which has		
the	program	in	sequence,	to	perform	the	basic			
								proven to be a fairly accurate predictor of the growth of		
arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the			
	CPU (and other IC) complexity to date.			
system.										
													
								3.3 OPERATION					
			Therearefourstepsthatnearly all CPUs use in their		
								operation: fetch, decode, execute, and write back.		
								The first step, fetch, involves retrieving an instruction		
								(which  is  represented  by  a  number  or  sequence  of		
								numbers) from program memory.  After an instruction is		
								fetched, the PC is incremented by the length of the		
								instruction word in terms of memory units. Often, the		
								instruction to be fetched must be retrieved from relatively		
								slow memory, causing the CPU to stall while waiting for		
								the  instruction to be  returned.  This issue  is  largely		
								addressed in modern processors by caches and pipeline		
								architectures (see below).				
	Fig.3.1 Diagram of CPU pen			The final step, write back, simply "writes back" the results		
								of the execute step to some form of memory. Very often		
								the results are written to some internal CPU register for		
								quick access by subsequent instructions.			

3.1 CONTROL UNIT	After the execution of the instruction and write back of		
	the resulting data, the entire process repeats, with the		
			
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next instruction cycle normally fetching the next-in-sequence instruction because of the incremented value in the program counter. In more complex CPUs than the one described here, multiple instructions can be fetched, decoded, and executed simultaneously.

3.4 CLOCK RATE

The clock rate is the speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. Every computer contains an internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed and synchronizes all the various computer components. The CPU requires a fixed number of clock ticks (or clock cycles) to execute each instruction. The faster the clock, the more instructions the CPU can execute per second.

The late CPU design that uses clock gating is that of the IBM PowerPC-based Xbox 360. It utilizes extensive clock gating in order to reduce the power requirements of the aforementioned videogame console in which it is used.

two devices. This techniques have been developed that do not require communication between the two devices (such as Blue tooth’s Adaptive Frequency Hopping), the most efficient and comprehensive solution for the most serious problems can be accomplished by silicon vendors. They can implement information exchange capabilities within the designs of the Blue tooth.

3.5 PERFORMANCE						Fig.4.1 Diagram of Communication Pen		
The performance or speed of a processor depends on the	4.1 BLU TOOTH						
clock rate and the instructions per clock (IPC), which							
								
together are the factors, for the instructions per second	Bluetooth  uses  a  radio  technology  called  frequency-		
(IPS) that the CPU can perform. Processing performance	hopping spread spectrum, which chops up the data being		
of computers is increased by using multi-core processors,	sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 bands (1 MHz		
which essentially is plugging two or more individual	each; centered from 2402 to 2480 MHz) in the range 2,400-		
processors  (called  cores  in	this	sense)  into	one		(allowing for guard bands). This range is in		
	IJSER2,483.5MHz					
integrated circuit. Ideally, a dual core processor would be	the globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical		
nearly twice as powerful as a single	core processor. In	(ISM) 2.4 GHz short range radio frequency band.		
practice, however, the performance gain is far less, only	4.2 IEEE 802.11						
about fifty percent, due to imperfect software algorithms							
								
and implementation.					IEEE 802.11  is a  set  of  standards for  implementing		
							
4 COMMUNICATION PEN			wireless	local   area	network	(WLAN)	computer		
			communication in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency		
							
P-ISM’s are connected with one another through short-	bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEE		
	LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). The base		
range  wireless  technology.	The  whole  set  is	also			
			current version of the standard is IEEE 802.11-2007.		
connected to the Internet through the cellular phone			
								
function. They are connected through Tri-wireless modes	4.3 CELLULAR NETWORK					
(Blue tooth, 802.11B/G, and terabytes of data, exceeding						
								
the capacity of today’s hard disks.			A cellular network is a radio network distributed over		
This is very effective because we can able to connect	land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-		
	location transceiver known as a cell site or base station.		
whenever we need without having wires. They are used	When joined together these cells provide radio coverage		
at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz ISM (although they use			
	over a wide geographic area. This enables a large number		
different access mechanisms). Blue tooth mechanism is			
	of portable transceivers (e.g.,  mobile	phones,  pagers,		
used for exchanging signal status information between				
	etc.) to	communicate	with each	other	and	with fixed		

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transceivers and telephones anywhere in the network, via base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more than one cell during transmission.

Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over alternative solutions:

•	Increased capacity reduced power use larger coverage area. 
•	Reduced interference from other signals. 

An example of a simple non-telephone cellular system is an old taxi driver's radio system where the taxi company has several transmitters based around a city that can communicate directly with each taxi.

A simple view of the cellular mobile-radio network consists of the following:

Ø A network of Radio base stations forming the	Fig.4.1 Diagram of Virtual Keyboard			
base station subsystem.												
Ø The core circuit switched network for handling	.									
voice calls and text.			5.1 TYP									
Ø A Packet switched network for handling mobile										
										
data.					On a desktop PC, one purpose of a virtual keyboard is to		
Ø The	Public  switched	telephone	network  to			
				provide an alternative input mechanism for users with		
connect  subscribers  to	the  wider  telephony			
		disabilities who cannot use a physical keyboard. Another		
network.						
				major use for an on-screen keyboard is for bi- or multi-		
							
		IJSER						
5 VIRTUAL KEYBOARD			lingual users who	switch frequently between different		
			character  sets  or  alphabets.  Although	hardware		
								
The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new	keyboards are available with dual keyboard layouts (for		
gadget for PC users. The VKB emits laser on to the desk	example Cyrillic/Latin letters in various national layouts),		
where  it  looks  like  the  keyboard  having  QWERTY	the on- screen keyboard provides a handy substitute		
arrangement of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a	while working at different stations or on laptops, which		
full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that smoothly	seldom come with dual layouts.						
connects to of PC and most of the handheld devices. As	The  standard	on-screen	keyboard  utility	on  most		
we type on the laser projection, it analyses what we are						
	windowing	systems	allows	hot	key		
typing according to the co-ordinates of the location. A							
	switching between layouts from the physical keyboard		
virtual keyboard is a software component that allows a			
	(typically  alt-shift	but	this	is	user	configurable),		
user to enter characters. A virtual keyboard can usually								
	simultaneously	changing	both	the	hardware	and the		
be operated	with multiple input devices,	which may								
			software keyboard layout. In addition, a symbol in the		
							
include a touch screen, an actual keyboard, a computer

mouse, a head mouse and an eye mouse	systray alerts the user to the currently active layout.		
			
	Although Linux supports this fast manual keyboard-		
	layout switching function, many popular Linux on-screen		
	keyboards such as gtkeyboard, Matchbox-keyboard or		
	Kvkbd do not react correctly		
	Virtual keyboards are commonly used as an on-screen		
	input method in devices with no physical keyboard,		
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where there is no room for one, such as a pocket computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer or touch screen equipped mobile phone. It is common for the user to input text by tapping a virtual keyboard built into the operating system of the device. Virtual keyboards are also used as features of emulation software for systems that have fewer buttons than a computer keyboard would have.

Virtual keyboards may be used in some cases to reduce the risk of keystroke logging. For example, Westpac’s online banking service uses a virtual keyboard for the password entry, as does Treasury Direct (see picture). It is more difficult for malware to monitor the display and mouse to obtain the data entered via the virtual keyboard, than it is to monitor real keystrokes. However it is possible, for example by recording screenshots at regular intervals or upon each mouse click.

Virtual keyboards can be categorized by the following aspects:

The use of an on-screen keyboard on which the user "types" with mouse clicks can increase the risk of password disclosure by shoulder surfing, because:

		integrated in the keypads.			characters the mouse moves to.		
Ø		Physical	keyboards	with	distinct	keys	An observer can typically watch the screen more easily		
		comprising	electronically  changeable  displays	(and less suspiciously) than the keyboard, and see which		
										
Ø	Virtual keyboards with touch screen keyboard			
		layouts or sensing areas.			Some implementations of the on-screen keyboard may		
Ø		Optically projected keyboard layouts or similar	give visual feedback of the "key" clicked, e.g. by changing		
		arrangements of "keys" or sensing areas.		its color briefly. This makes it much easier for an observer		
Ø		Optically  detected  human  hand  and  finger	to read the data from the screen.		
		motions.								
[								6 DIGITAL CAME  A		
Virtual keyboards to allow input from a variety of input			
	The digital camera is in the shape of pen .It is useful in		
devices,	such as	a	computer	mouse,	switch or other			
						video recording, video conferencing, simply it is called as		
assistive technology device.						
				web cam. It is also connected with other devices through		
										
						invented	and			
An  optical  virtual  keyboardIJSERhasbeenBluetooth.Itisa360degrees visual communication		
patented by IBM engineers in 2008.It optically detects and	device. This terminal will enable us to know about the		
analyses human hand and finger motions and interprets	surrounding   atmosphere   and   group   to   group		
them as operations on a physically non-existent input	communication with a round display and a central super		
device like a surface having painted keys. In that way it	wide angle camera.		
allows to emulate unlimited types of manually operated			
input	devices  such	as  a  mouse  or	keyboard.	All			

mechanical input units can be replaced by such virtual devices, optimized for the current application and for the user's physiology maintaining speed, simplicity and unambiguity of manual data input.

On the Internet, various JavaScript virtual keyboards have been created, allowing users to type their own languages on foreign keyboards, particularly in Internet cafes.

5.2 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

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A video projector is a device that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system. All video projectors use a very bright light to project the image, and most modern ones can correct any curves, blurriness, and other inconsistencies through manual settings. Video projectors are widely used for conference room presentations, classroom training, home theatre and live events applications. Projectors are widely used in many schools and other educational settings, connected to an interactive whiteboard to interactively teach pupils.

7.1 OVERVIEW

Fig.6.1 Diagram of Digital Camera

A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor. Most 21st century cameras are digital.

A video projector, also known as a digital projector, may be built into a cabinet with a rear- projection screen (rear-projection television, or RPTV) to form a single unified display device, now popular for “home theatre” applications.

Digital  cameras  can  do  things film cameras  cannot:	Common display resolutions for a portable projector		
displaying  images	on  a  screen immediately after they	include SVGA (800×600 pixels), XGA (1024×768 pixels),		
are recorded, storing thousands of images on a single	720p (1280×720 pixels), and 1080p (1920×1080 pixels).		
small memory device, and deleting images to free storage	The cost  of a device is not only determined by its		
space. The majority, including most compact cameras,			
	resolution, but also by its brightness. A projector with a		
can record moving	video with sound as	well as	still			
				higher  light output (measured in  lumens, symbol “lm”)		
photographs. Some	can crop and stitch	pictures	and			
				is required for a larger screen or a room with a high		
performs other elementary image editing. Some have a			
	amount of ambient light. A rating of 1500 to 2500 ANSI		
GPS  receiver  built	in,  and  can  produce  Geotagged			
		lumens or lower is suitable for smaller screens with		
photographs.						
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				controlled lighting or low ambient light. Between 2500		
7 LED PROJECTOR			and 4000 lm is suitable for medium-sized screens with		
The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which	some ambient light or dimmed light. Over 4000 lm is		
	appropriate for very large screens in a large room with no		
projects on the screen. The size of the projector is of A4	lighting  control  (for  example,  a  conference  room).		
size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X	Projected image  size  is important;  because  the  total		
768. Thus it is gives more clarity and good picture.	amount  of  light  does not  change,  as  size  increases,		

	brightness decreases. Image sizes are typically measured		
	in linear terms, diagonally, obscuring the fact that larger		
	images require much more light (proportional to the		
	image area, not just the length of a side). Increasing the		
	diagonal measure of the image by 25% reduces the image		
	brightness by more than one-third (35%); an increase of		
	41% reduces brightness by half.		
	7.2 PROJECTION TECHNOLOGIES		
	CRT projector using cathode ray tubes. This typically		
Fig.7.1 Diagram of Led Projector	involves a blue, a green, and a red tube. This is the oldest		
	system still in regular use, but falling out of favor largely		
			
	because of the bulky cabinet. However, it does provide		
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the largest screen size for a given cost. This also covers	pixel resolution. The largest LED display in the world is		
three tube home models, which, while bulky, can be	over 1,500 ft (457.2 m) long and is located in Las Vegas,		
moved  (but  then  usually  require  complex  picture	Nevada covering the Fremont Street Experience. The		
adjustments to get the three images to line up correctly).	largest LED television in the world is the Center Hung		
LCD	projector	using	LCD  light	gates.  This	is  the	Video Display at Cowboys Stadium, which is 160 × 72 ft		
						(49 × 22 m), 11,520 square feet (1,070 m2).				
simplest system, making it one of the most common and					
									
affordable for home theaters and business use. Its most	Most indoor screens on the market are built using SMD		
common problem is a visible “screen door” or pixelation	technology—a trend that is now extending to the outdoor		
effect, although recent advances have minimized this.	market. An SMD pixel consists of red, green, and blue		
The most common problem with the single- or two-DMD	diodes	mounted	in a	single package,	which is	then		
	mounted on the driver PC board. The individual diodes		
varieties  is  a	visible	“rainbow”  which  some	people			
				are  smaller  than  a  pinhead  and  are	set  very	close		
perceive when moving their eyes. More recent projectors					
	together. The difference is that the maximum viewing		
with higher speed (2x or 4x) and otherwise optimized			
	distance is reduced by 25% from the discrete diode screen		
color wheels have lessened this artifact. Systems with 3			
	with the same resolution.					
DMDs never have this problem, as they display each						
									
primary color simultaneously.			Indoor use generally requires a screen that is based on		
LCoS projector using Liquid crystal on silicon.		SMD technology and has a minimum brightness of 600		
		candelas per square meter (cd/m²), sometimes informally		
								
Ø D-ILA JVC’s Direct-drive Image Light Amplifier	called nits). This will usually be more than sufficient for		
	corporate  and	retail	applications,	but  under	high		
	based on LCoS technology.									
				ambient-brightness conditions, higher brightness may be		
Ø	SXRD	Sony’s	proprietary	variant  of	LCoS			
						required for visibility. Fashion and auto shows are two		
	technology.						
					examples  of  high-brightness  stage  lighting  that  may		
								
LED  projectors  use  one  of  the  above  mentioned	require  higher  LED  brightness.  Conversely,  when  a		
technologies for image creation, with a difference that	screen may appear in a shot on a television studio set, the		
they use an array of Light Emitting Diodes as the light	requirement will often be for lower brightness levels with		
source, negating the need for lamp replacement.		lower	color temperatures; common	displays have a		
							6500–9000 K, which is much bluer than the		
			IJSERwhitepointof					
Hybrid LED and Laser diode system developed by Casio.	common lighting on a television production set.			
Uses a combination of Light Emitting Diodes and 445nm				
									
laser diodes as the light source, while image is processed	Battery:								
with DLP (DMD) chip.				The most important part in portable type of computer is		
								
Laser diode projectors have been developed by Micro	battery and storage capacity. Usually batteries must be		
vision  and  Aaxa  Technologies.  Micro  vision  laser	small in size and work for longer time. For normal use it		
projectors  use  Micro  vision’s  patented  laser  beam-	can be used for 2 weeks. The type of battery used here is		
steering technology, whereas Aaxa Technologies uses	lithium ion battery. The storage device is of the type		
laser diodes + LCoS.				tubular holographic which is capable of storing. The use		
						of lithium ion battery in this gadget will reduce energy		
7.3 TYPES OF LED DISPLAY	density, durability and cost factor.		

There are two types of LED panels: conventional (using discrete LEDs) and surface-mounted device (SMD) panels. Most outdoor screens and some indoor screens are built around discrete LEDs, also known as individually mounted LEDs. A cluster of red, green, and blue diodes is driven together to form a full-color pixel, usually square in shape. These pixels are spaced evenly apart and are measured from center to center for absolute

By making Five Pen PC feasible, it will enable ubiquitous computing therefore it is easier for people to use. Many applications can be imagined with this new technology. As it makes use of E-fingerprinting the gadget will be more secure, which allows only owner to activate the Pc. So even if we loose it, no one else can access the gadget. All PC’s communicate each other with the help of

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Bluetooth technology and the entire gadget is connected to internet (Wi-Fi). This technology is very portable, feasible and efficient. Everybody can use this technology in very efficient manner. Some prototypes have been already developed in 2003 which are very feasible, but currently unclear. The enhancement in this technology can be expected in coming years.

a virtual keyboard, another projects the visual output and thus the display and another communicator (a phone). All five pens can rest in a holding block which recharges the batteries and holds the mass storage. Each pen communicates wireless, possibly Bluetooth.”

8 REMARK

8.1 ADVANTAGES	REFERENCES		
Ø	Portable Feasible Ubiquitous	[1]	http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/history.html		
Ø Makes use of Wi-Fi technology	[2]	http://en.wikipidia.org/wiki/pen_computing		
Ø	Mobility	[3]	http://www.softwaretoolbar.com/virtual_keboard.ht		
					
•	Touch and feel the technology 

			ml		
8.2 DISADVANTAGES	[4]	http://www.compinfo_center.com/ledprojector.html		
					
Ø	Currently unclear	[5]	http://users.erols.com/rwseries/biblio.html		
Ø	Cost	[6]	http://rwservices.no._ip.info:81/pens/biblio70html#gr		
					
•	Easily misplaced 
Ø As the gadget is very costly the consumer cannot		ay1888b		
				
afford to purchase them.		[7]	www.scribed.com/doc/67990223/report_on_5_pen_pc		
Ø The virtual	keyboards are already present in		t echnology		
various  companies  like	Lumio  and  Virtual				
		[8]	http://www.rockinglearners.blogspot.in/p/virtual_ke		
Devices Inc.						
				board.html		
						
9 CONCLUSION			
The communication devices are becoming smaller and compact. This is only a example for the start of this new technology. We can expect more such developments in the future, It seems that information terminals are infinitely getting smaller. However, we will continue to manipulate them with our hands for now. We have visualized the connection between the latest technology and the human, in a form of a pen. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalistic pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.

“The design concept uses five different pens to make a computer. One pen is a CPU, another camera, one creates

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